The data in Table 4 and Table 5 represent the comparison of the chronological age related to the CVM stages. The final sample consisted of 178 radiographs belonging to girls (70.6%) and 74 radiographs belonging to boys (29.4%). A total of 356 radiographs were initially selected, but after applying the exclusion criteria, only 252 were left in the study sample. The selected lateral cephalometric radiographs were divided according to the gender of the patients. Radiographs excluded from the study belonged to patients from other countries, patients with systemic diseases or genetic disorders that could impact the skeletal maturation, and patients that followed or were following an orthodontic treatment at the date when the radiographs were taken. We included radiographs of children with ages between 6 and 15.9 years, radiographs of children for whom a signed consent form was obtained, radiographs available in a digital format, radiographs of patients with a known date of birth and known date of the radiograph, and radiographs of patients with a known gender. The radiographs were previously used for diagnosis and treatment planning. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected from three different dental private practices from the city of Oradea, Romania. This study is a retrospective and comparative radiographic study, performed on lateral cephalometric radiographs belonging to children form North-Western Romania. The purpose of this study was to conduct comparisons of mean values of the chronological age in different skeletal developmental stages, for boys and girls, using the CVM method. Further studies need to be conducted in order to find associations between age and CVM developmental stages. Therefore, the assessment of skeletal maturity is possible, without any need for additional irradiation. Lateral cephalometric radiographs are necessary for establishing the diagnosis and treatment plan in orthodontics. It involves the examination of cervical vertebrae 2, 3, and 4 on a lateral cephalometric radiograph. The method based on the investigation of cervical vertebrae has undergone several changes over time and is currently known as the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) method. The radiological aspect of the cervical vertebrae can be used to estimate the degree of bone development. Hand-wrist radiographs have traditionally been used to estimate bone maturity, but skeletal age determination techniques based on the inspection of other bone structures have been suggested. In orthodontics, the degree of skeletal maturity influences the treatment planning and the optimal choice of treatment. The assessment of skeletal maturity is useful in many fields, such as pediatrics, endocrinology, pediatric dentistry, and orthodontics. These methods are based on determining the dental age and skeletal age. Various methods have been used to more precisely reproduce different developmental stages. The chronological age, although easiest to determine if the child´s date of birth is known, often does not accurately reflect a patient´s development. In medicine, age is essential for assessing the overall development of a patient. It was noted that patients with CS1 and CS2 stages were more frequently boys, while patients with the CS5 stage were more frequently girls. Patients with CS4, CS5, and CS6 stages had a significantly higher chronological age compared to patients with CS1, CS2, and CS3 stages. The chronological age started to be significantly different at the CS4 stage. Different mean chronological age values were obtained for the general sample, as well as for the two genders. In total, 356 radiographs were selected, but after applying the exclusion criteria, 252 radiographs remained in the study (178 girls and 74 boys). For the assessment of skeletal maturity, the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) method was used. The retrospective study was conducted based on lateral cephalometric radiographs belonging to patients with ages between 6 and 15.9 years, from Romania. The aim of this study was to conduct comparisons of the chronological age in different bone development stages. Skeletal maturity can be estimated by evaluating the morphology of the cervical vertebrae. The assessment of an individual’s development by investigating the skeletal maturity is of much use in various medical fields.
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